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Baby’s First Tooth: Facts Parents Should Know

Baby’s First Tooth: Facts Parents Should Know

All good parents love it when their babies start teething. Nevertheless, no matter how anticipated and special this moment can be, it is sometimes painful – both for the parents and for the little one. So, if your baby starts crying more than usual or you notice a white bud growing in their gums, then the time has come for them to start growing teeth to give them a nice little smile. Nevertheless, no matter how excited you might be about your baby’s first tooth, there are certain things you must know as a parent. 

Teething can begin in babies when they are 2 months old. But while a baby could grow a tooth at an early age, the actual teeth would appear after they are six months old. So, as parents, you must be prepared during these months as you are the ones who will help your kids to pull through. 

Apart from helping your kid or baby to overcome the pain that comes with teething, another crucial factor that all parents must consider about a baby’s first tooth is the fact that they’re as important as an adult’s permanent teeth. Therefore, parents are advised to have a vivid understanding about their baby’s first tooth and how to take care of it as well. Below are 9 facts parents should know about their baby’s first tooth.

1. Having Healthy Teeth Is Good For Your Baby 

It is crucial for all parents to understand and  know that proper dental and oral hygiene is good even for babies and kids. And fully understanding this is important as it helps you (the parents) in managing and taking care of a baby’s first tooth.  

Bare in mind that the kind of dental and oral health care that they have been routinely given will either impact positively or negatively on their permanent teeth as adults. This will also affect the overall quality of their dental and oral health. It is for this reason that all parents must pay great attention to their baby’s first tooth. 

2. Fluoride Is Great For Cavity Protection

Almost all brands of toothpastes come with Fluoride as a key content. This is due to the fact that the element has proven to be a teeth protector. Also, fluoride helps in preventing tooth decay and cavities. Hence, parents should always prefer to purchase toothpaste that are made with Fluoride. 

Also, parents could seek advice directly from dentists on the best type of toothpaste to use on a baby’s first tooth. It is actually far better to be advised by a specialist than making such decisions all by yourself. 

3. Healthy Baby’s Teeth Will Last Even Till Adulthood 

If your baby’s first tooth is strong and healthy, then the chances of having healthy and strong teeth as a kid or an adult are heightened. And learning about oral and dental health at a tender age will also be beneficial to kids when they grow older. This is because they will apply what they have learnt when they grow up. As a result, they will be more keen on their personal dental and oral health even in the absence of their parents. 

As a matter of fact, there are research today that proves that people who have a healthy and strong baby teeth when they were kids no longer need to use any teeth whitening product of today as their teeth are good and healthy. 

4. Healthy Snacks And Meals Are Good For Healthy Teeth

Healthy snacks and meals are important factors for having strong and healthy teeth. This isn’t a secret; and this is one of the major reasons why most parents nowadays encourage a balanced and healthy diet for their babies.

Also, know that the kind of drink and food you give your baby to eat will be playing a major role in their first tooth growth. So, we are all advised as parents to provide our babies with only healthy diets as soon as they start teething. Not only will they get to enjoy the many physical health benefits that comes with having a healthy diet, but they can enhance other parts of their body including their dental and oral health as well.

5. Make An Appointment With A Dentist When Your Baby’s First Tooth Appears

Another fact all parents should know about their baby’s first tooth is that it must be given proper attention and guidance. So, it is very important for parents to make an appointment with a dentist as soon as their baby’s first tooth appears. 

This will be very beneficial and helpful, especially if you are having a baby for the first time. Dentists as we all know it, are experienced and know everything concerning all kinds and types of teeth. And having knowledge on the best oral and dental care practices can only be acquired from dentists.

6. Most Babies Start Developing Teeth Between Six to Twelve Months

As earlier mentioned, babies can get their first tooth in their second month. But it is only in the sixth month that the first tooth will appear fully. Subsequently, the following months will definitely be challenging for the infant as this is the time when he or she will grow almost all of their teeth.

Hence, it will be best if parents schedule dental appointments every month for the next six months. Also, learning how to care for your baby within his/her teething period will help prepare you for whatever might happen. 

7. Brush Your Baby’s First Tooth Once A Day

Brushing your baby’s first tooth is not the same as brushing their permanent teeth. Bare in mind that the tooth is still very sensitive and still undergoing development. It is for this very reason various toothbrushes have been designed for babies and infants.

In terms of the brushing intensity, your baby’s first tooth must not be brushed with force. It needs to be brushed gently and softly. Also, bare in mind that it must only be brushed once a day. You can brush your baby’s teeth after giving him/her the normal scheduled morning bath. 

8. Offering Acetaminophen Or Something Cold, And Massaging Sore Gums Can Help Reduce Your Baby’s Teething Pain.

Most times, teething does not cause children too much pain, however, most parents will know when their baby starts teething. Babies may display signs of discomfort or pain when they are about growing their first tooth. Also, the gums in that area may become swollen, resulting to more saliva secretion.

Parents can help to reduce the pain that comes with teething by gently rubbing their baby’s gums with their fingers, or buy solid teething rings for their baby. If you give your baby a teething biscuit, ensure you stick around and watch while he or she eats it. Chunks can easily get broken and may lead to choking. Also, these biscuits aren’t very nutritious and most of them contain salt and sugar.

The temperature of a baby may slightly rise during the teething period. However, according to a research that was done on pediatrics in 2016, a fever with a temperature of over 38 degrees Celsius or 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit isn’t associated with the teething process. It is a sign of an infection or illness and will need to be treated immediately. If your baby is in severe pain, quickly see your pediatrician to administer the correct dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol), or if more than 6 months old, such a baby should be administered with ibuprofen (e.g., Motrin, Advil). Ensure that you ask your doctor for the appropriate dose in milliliters (mL) based on the weight and age of your baby. Most babies, however, will have no trouble at all when they grow their first tooth.

9. Do Not Use Gels With Benzocaine, Teething Tablets, Homeopathic Teething Tablets, or Amber Teething Necklaces.

Stay far away from gels with benzocaine and  those teething tablets that are made with plant poison belladonna. Benzocaine and belladonna are sold to ease your baby’s pain, but the FDA has warned against them due to their potential side effects.

Additionally, using amber teething necklaces is not recommended. Necklaces placed around a baby’s neck can cause choking or pose a strangulation risk. Also, no research has shown the amber necklace to be effective. Schedule an appointment with your pediatrician to know the safest medication for your baby.

CONCLUSION / FINAL WORDS

All in all, your baby’s first tooth is as important as every adult’s permanent teeth. Most times, a baby’s first tooth will need much more care than those of a fully grown child. Bare in mind that babies and infants need full guidance and assistance when it comes to maintaining a healthy and great tooth. This is why every parent should think ahead and take these facts seriously. 

Also, seeking the advice and opinion of an expert is always a nice idea. Therefore, parents must always seek the opinion of their dentists before beginning any new treatment, routine, or practice that concerns their baby’s teeth management.

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The benefits of Breastfeeding

The benefits of Breastfeeding

The benefits of Breastfeeding

From a new-born first cry to its first smile, to its first steps, through all its growth and developmental milestones, beginning to describe them is such a huge phenomenon and experiencing it is worthy of every moment. Back in the day, it was the norm to breastfeed a new-born from birth to at least several months before introducing other feeds. Some situations can prevent it, like the inability of the mother to breastfeed as a result of being ill or not being able to secrete breast milk. Nowadays, the norm keeps dwindling, especially in many civilized and urbanized areas due to exploring other means like formula feeding or feeding with breast milk via expression, as evidenced by statistics.

When pregnancy occurs, specific physiological changes occur to prepare the body for its duration, as well as the arrival of the new-born. One of those changes involves the preparation of the breast for lactation (production of breast milk) through hormonal secretion and regulations. This goes to show that the creation of breastfeeding is a natural process, and breastfeeding is a necessity that must be carried out, except during circumstances that prevent it from happening. Why is there an emphasis on breastfeeding? After all, other methods seek to feed the new-born adequately and works quite well.

Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a new-born with breast milk directly from the female breast. Breastfeeding is crucial for the survival of infants in most situations in developing countries: however, for optimal growth and development of an infant, it is required that a new-born is breastfed. Breast milk contains nutrients that are essential for growth and development and serves as protection against infections and allergies. While a new-born should take adequate breast milk for at least six (6) months only (exclusive breastfeeding), when combined with other foods, up to two years: the most important thing is that the baby is fed with breast milk to optimize his or her growth and development.

As important as giving breast milk to an infant is, so is feeding directly from the breast (breastfeeding); this is why breastfeeding has benefits over artificial feeding and formula feeding. Breastfeeding is different from other forms and types of feeding a new-born and has many benefits, which encourages this act. What are the benefits of breastfeeding? Let’s find out, shall we?

The benefits of breastfeeding can be categorized in three, as breastfeeding involves both the mother and the new-born. Hence, it benefits both mother and new-born, as well as both of them at the same time.

The benefits of breastfeeding to the new-born.

1. It is a secured and perfect method of feeding for a new-born

Breastfeeding is the secured method of feeding for an infant as the baby’s body prefers breast milk to any other type of feed in the first few days and weeks of birth. The infant body is known to easily digest breast milk and what better method to provide breast milk than through breastfeeding. It is secured as it is easy and suitable for a child to be breastfed than given expressed milk or formula. The availability and timely feeding of a new-born become easier through breastfeeding. Breastfeeding gives new-born the perfect feeding regimen that is beneficial in every area and necessary for their growth and development. Breast milk the product of breastfeeding, and it has lots of functions for an infant. What are the benefits of breast milk in an infant?

  • It serves as gold milk in the first few days after birth. Gold milk, also known as colostrum is the first milk that the breast produces once a child is born. This colostrum is thick and sometimes yellowish; hence, the name “Gold Milk.” This gold milk is high in proteins, vitamins, and antibodies that are essential for sustaining the new-born for the first few days after birth. With breastfeeding, the new-born has easy access to colostrum and can utilize it for his or her survival.
  • It is a perfect blend of nutrients necessary for healthy growth and development of the new-born. The breast milk is produced through hormonal secretion that converts the body nutrients in the mother’s body as milk for the baby. Every available nutrient in the mother’s body is passed unto the baby as milk that is easily digested by the baby. This makes it perfect for seeking adequate nutrition for the baby without worrying about the process of taking it in, or how suitable it is for the baby. Nutrients in breast milk include protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water (basically all the classes of food that are required for a balanced diet.
  • It protects against diseases through the antibodies that it contains. With breast milk comes antibodies from the mother, and these antibodies fight against diseases and infections in the body of the infant. These antibodies serve as immunity for the baby and help prevent infant diseases as well as reduce risk to some diseases. Examples of illnesses that breast milk helps prevent or reduce the risk of contracting to include middle ear infections, respiratory tract infections, colds, infections, digestive tract infections, allergic diseases, celiac disease, diabetes, childhood leukemia, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) etcetera. 
  • Adequate for the cell communication and immune system formation of the new-born. For growth and development, there is a need for cell communication to occur, and with breast milk, the baby can achieve that. Babies are prone to infections and diseases since their immune system or immunity isn’t developed enough to fight them. Breast milk provides cytokines, which are unique proteins, to form the immune system of the new-born and make it ready to protect the baby against all sorts.

2. It offers emotional security to an infant

A new-born feels lost and confused in a new world from the womb, in which it spent nine (9) months. For the baby to adapt and feel safe, it requires emotional stability for reassurance and ease of handling loss. This emotional stability is provided by bonding created from breastfeeding by the mother, which is both sensitive and hormonal. A closeness that the baby needs is enhanced with frequent breastfeeding of the baby by the mother. Only breastfeeding can achieve this like no other method of feeding employs such closeness that provides the bond for emotional security for the new-born. This skin-to-skin contact helps to ease the transition from the womb to the real world for the baby. It also allows the baby to develop a closeness with the mother from birth, which will foster familial relationships in the long-run. 

3. Breastfeeding enhances the neurological development of a child

The breast milk provides adequate polyunsaturated fatty acids, which help to develop the brain and the nervous system of the infant. This process is enhanced by the easy access to breast milk and the emotional growth from the emotional security provided by breastfeeding. With neurological development comes achievement of neurological developmental milestones of the baby, from being able to respond to reflexes and stimuli effectively to be able to seek out familiar faces, to walking, to talking, etcetera. These processes are necessary for a child to show that he or she is indeed growing and developing and exhibiting the stages of living. Research has shown that regular breastfeeding may improve the higher intelligent quotient (IQ) of a child.

4. Breastfeeding enhances psychosocial development

The psychological and social development of any human starts from birth, and the earlier it is appropriately developed, the better for the person. A child’s ability to socialize or recognize certain people or activities comes from his or her psychosocial development. The bond created from frequent feeding, as well as specific nutrients from breastfeeding, helps to enhance the process of psychosocial development in a child. This enables a child to be at the same level of psychology and socialization as his or her peers.

With the above being said, you can now attest to how beneficial breastfeeding is for a new-born. How about the mums? How is breastfeeding beneficial to them? Let’s check it out.

Benefits of breastfeeding to the mother

1. Best love you can give to your child

The process of pregnancy up to childbirth can be quite daunting for mothers, especially first-time mothers. However, the stress is completely forgotten as soon as the baby is shown to the mother. A mother will never resist the opportunity to show her child how much love she has for him or her. This love is often shown through care for the child and wanting to be close to the child. The best kind of love a mother can give her child, especially when she has the means to, is to breastfeed the child. Through breastfeeding, the mother develops a bond with the infant, which enables her to care for the baby appropriately. While breastfeeding, she shares the nutrients, antibodies, and warmth in her body with her baby. She also ensures that her baby is well fed at all times, by frequently breastfeeding him or her. What other types of love can there be from a mother-to-a-newborn, than this? 

2. Reduces the risks of postpartum depression

Many mums develop what is known as postpartum depression, which occurs shortly after birth. This postnatal depression results in the mother being detached from her baby: not wanting anything to do with the baby. Research has shown that mothers who breastfeed their child after birth have low risks of developing postpartum depression. Breastfeeding encourages the maternal caregiving role and creates bonding that eliminates detachment in the mother.

3. Brings about gynecological changes in the mother

Gynecology involves the anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and management of the female reproductive system. Specific processes like menstruation, breast enlargement, and so on occur, and during pregnancy, specific changes occur to these processes. When a woman is pregnant, menstruation ceases until the birth of the child. For this to continue, it is encouraged that the mother continuously breastfeeds her child for a long time. It helps to serve as birth control in this way, which helps to space children and can be used as family planning without using other methods. It has been proven to be effective in many women, though, in some, it wasn’t; however, the possibility is high.

Changes like the uterus contracting back to almost or totally its original shape and size are also possible with continuous breastfeeding. Oxytocin produced during labor is responsible for the contraction of the uterus. Breastfeeding also increases the secretion of oxytocin in the body, thereby encouraging contraction and involution of the uterus back to normal. Weight gained during pregnancy can be a turn-off for lots of mothers, and this makes them try out several means of shedding off the additional weight. Breastfeeding can help reduce weight gain as the body keeps on burning fats from the processes of lactation and breastfeeding.

4. Beneficial health-wise and financially

Breastfeeding has been researched to reduce the risks of ovarian cancer and breast cancer in mothers. Recent studies also show that metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of heart and other health diseases, can be prevented by breastfeeding. In many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, the cost of feeding a new-born is high, and breastfeeding is the solution. Breastfeeding is cost-effective, readily available, environmentally friendly, and an easy-way-out for feeding new-born. This is the ultimate baby-care goal; a mother can achieve with the support of her family.

Breastfeeding also has its effects on both mother and child simultaneously, and they are:

  • It creates a mother-child bond necessary for future familial relationships.
  • Breastfeeding releases endorphins, which is a hormone that promotes a feeling of relaxation and well-being in both mother and baby. It also serves as an ideal pain-reliever for the new-born.
  • It reduces risks of detachment for the mother and abandonment for the baby.

There is a joy that comes with the birth of a new life, and to make the happiness long-lasting, the new-born should grow healthy for him/herself, his/her family, and the world at large. Breastfeeding promotes such growth and should be highly encouraged at all times.

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Becoming a mom for the first time

Pregnant women

Becoming a mom for the first time

All that is waiting for you in near future are: pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, child caring, nurture, and all these steps are very important. In all these cases you have to prepare yourself as only that way you will be more or less ready. More information you have easier it will be for you.

There are a lot of sources of various information that is easily accessible. Like journals, books, websites, social networks and so on, that it is really hard to know what information is valid and correct. Same questions can have various answers so it is hard not to be lost.

How and where to look for information about parenthood?

If you are reading articles, check who is an author? What credentials or experience she/he has? Looks like everyone now has an opinion, but it doesn’t make it right or correct.

Same goes for books. Look for reviews, what other parents are talking about the particular book. What kind of experience does the author have and so on. If a book is translated from foreign language there might be some specific errors related to translation.

If you are looking for courses or lectures you need to know who is the reader – what education does he/she have, is his/her job related to things that are talked about. The reader might have a lot of theoretical knowledge, but reality could be totally different. You should also know:

  • Can dad’s participate also
  • How many people will be in the courses
  • Will there be some video material
  • What about practical tasks
  • How long it will take
  • What is the price

Check if you can get some information after courses are done. If you are expecting ask when it would be a good time to take the course. Don’t forget to look for reviews about this course as well.

Why do you need to get ready for labor?

We all are different and have our own opinion on how to get ready for labor. Some mothers are reading a lot, taking courses, asking their spouses to learn as well and some are taking a different approach. Basically thinking that it will be as it supposed to be. I believe that it is important to go with the flow and keep yourself stress-free as much as possible, but keep in mind that there is a great chance that labor will be fluent if you know what to do (breathing, correct poses, how to push).

What do you have to know before going to labor?

You and your husband have to know:

  • What and why it is happening with your body in labor
  • How to know that labor started, that these are final contractions
  • When to go to a hospital and what to take
  • What are the stages of labor
  • How baby is being affected by that
  • What are the options to relieve pain
  • What your husband (or partner ) can do to help you

In practical courses, you can learn how to breathe during labor, how to relax, hot to find the right posture for you. Your partner should learn massage techniques in order to relieve your pain. The more you practice the more chances there are that you will know what to do at that moment.

Why you should get ready for breastfeeding?

Most new mothers think that breastfeeding is very simple, yes baby has strong reflexes for it, but both of you will have to learn how to do it properly.

The biggest problem of breastfeeding is incorrect position or technique which can result in sore, cracked or even bleeding nipples. If mother did not prepare for breastfeeding, she doesn’t have knowledge of how to help herself. Medical staff will help with you, but it will be harder to learn if that information is heard for the first time. If you were in practical courses that will help you a lot.

According to WHO only 1-3% of mothers cannot breastfeed due to physiological problems in all other cases it is incorrect technique or decision not to do that.

What you should learn before breastfeeding

Things that you should know:

  • Breastfeeding physiology
  • How to breastfeed correctly
  • What is expected behavior of baby while breastfeeding
  • How to know when the baby is hungry
  • How to help breastfeeding mom
  • Where to ask for help if needed

Why you need to learn to take care of a baby

Birth of a baby is one of the most important and memorable events in your life. With that comes great responsibility and bunch of questions. There are a lot of answers on the web, just be careful and check that information. It is important that it is up to date and scientifically approved.

Do not get carried away by myths. Such as: “baby boys are getting more abdominal cramps”, “do not bath the baby until there is umbilical cord” and so on. There are a lot of cases when a baby is moving through development stages and no medical assistance is required.

One of the best ways is to get information in practical seminars which are done by an experienced person.

What you need to know in order to take care of the baby

Just a few things to keep in mind:

  • What happens when a baby is born
  • What procedures are done to the newborn and why
  • What are most important things in baby physiology
  • How to take care of the baby
  • What to know about walking outside
  • How to help with tummy cramps and so on..

PS: I not a doctor and can not give you any medical advice. These thoughts came from my personal experience as a mom and after talking with other moms, nurses, just basically searching for information.

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Guidelines for pregnant ladies

Guidelines for Pregnant Ladies

Guidelines for Pregnant Ladies

Many books and discussion have been held about what to expect when you are expectant. Whether you are unexpectedly expecting or gladly expecting in “I can’t wait to have a baby” kind of way, you need to have some tips like guidelines for pregnant ladies to avoid any surprises and to ease your nerves when things start getting weirder.

Guidelines for Pregnant Ladies

Before you agree upon that abortion is not an option in your case, you get bombarded with lots of emotions that run through your body. Mostly people result in taking multiple pregnancy tests because they are either delighted or too terrified.

However, people seldom talk about the whole process of what happens month after month till you give birth on the 9th month. There are rare cases where you can conceive earlier than you had anticipated for or scheduled to and sometimes it can take a little bit longer than what the doctors had predicted.

The essence of the 9 months

I don’t know about you, but when I first got pregnant, I wondered why couldn’t us humans take a few months or even just one month like how chipmunks do before giving birth? But then it occurred to me that we are complex beings, and we need all those months for the baby to be fully and perfectly developed before being brought to this beautiful and sometimes cruel world. This period is what doctors and biology people call the gestation or the incubation period.

Overview of what happens in every month how to cope with the changes

Due to the development of a child in the womb, your body will be producing all sorts of hormones that can heighten all your senses inclusive of your emotions and feelings. You will be a vampire who feeds on rage, anger, joy, happiness, depression, fear, love, sadness and any other humanely feeling known on earth.

Month 1

This period is when conception occurs. It is calculated to be two weeks after you have missed your period and it’s also when you can determine your due date (Cruz). Uncertainty and anxiety start to kick in at this stage too.

Morning sickness which is one of the early signs of pregnancy show at this stage. Morning sickness usually appears when you are six weeks pregnant (Herbert). You can also start feeling nausea and dizziness at this point.

Luckily, on the bright side, most women look pretty and are said to glow in the 1st month of their pregnancy. The pregnancy hormone will make your skin glow and give you a radiant look that most will be envious of (Fields).

It is at this point that you doubt yourself if you can be a parent or be able to raise a kid. Well, all you have to do is accept the reality and start making a plan for your near future and gradually adjust to it.

If you used to do a lot of partying, going out on revs, work at life-threatening jobs like being a cop and so on, you would need to change a few aspects in your life because, the safety of your health isn’t just for you, but for your baby too.

A good plan is handy so that when you slowly change your lifestyle, very few people will raise questions and even you will be swiftly adopting without making unnecessary instant changes.

Month 2, 3 & 4

This is the point when the belly starts to pop out, and everyone around you who you haven’t told will finally know you are pregnant. However, the exact week (it is averagely between 12-16 weeks) when the belly shows is determined by the following factors (Nastri, 2017):

  • Your body type – thin and small women will have their bellies show early.
  • If it’s 1st pregnancy – it shows early on 1st timers
  • Age – younger women show late
  • If you are expecting more than one baby (let’s say twins), pregnancy will show early
  • The positioning of the uterus, for instance, a retroverted (abnormally positioned backward) uterus will show the belly late

Month 5: Preference of the gender of the baby

This is the point when you might feel some pain because the baby is growing hence the abdomen will be stretching to accommodate it. The growth of the baby will increase your appetite and also the increase in weight will constantly be tiring you down hence you will be feeling fatigue too.

Fortunately, the baby will be developing all its body features in details so there will be a better view of the ultrasound to determine the sex of the baby. At least you will have a chance to buy the right clothes and future toys for the baby.

Month 6, 7 & 8

As the baby will be starting to form a face, grow hair, and nails are developing in the womb, you the mother will be experiencing backaches, shortness of breath and you will frequently be urinating too.

This is a critical stage since the baby is ultimately developing wholly. This is a shortlist of thing you should do during this stage:

  • You should continue taking prenatal vitamins.
  • Drink a lot of water
  • Do Kegel exercises
  • Always keep yourself active by doing small exercises like walking
  • Sleep well and have plenty of rest
  • Maintain good oral hygiene because teeth and gums that are not kept clean may cause premature labor.
  • Your diet should include food with lots of vitamins like fruits and vegetables and avoid any form of proteins with too much fat.

Month 9

The baby is already in an upside down position and ready to be born.

Note:

Weight gain is inevitable because the baby will be growing week after week until the last month. Moreover, the size of the placenta and amniotic fluid will be increasing together with the blood and the other body fluids which facilitate transportation of nutrients from the mother to the unborn baby. The standard weight increase is supposed to be 1.5kg -2kg for the first 3monts and an increase of averagely 1.5kg for the next months every month.

Food cravings start as early as the 2nd to 3rd week of pregnancy. It is also caused by too much production of hormones which shift in your body. Most pregnant ladies crave for salty food.

References

Cruz, N. D. (n.d.). Your Baby’s Journey from Conception to Birth. Retrieved from Parents: https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/my-baby/your-babys-journey-conception-to-birth/

Fields, L. (n.d.). Skin Care During Pregnancy. Retrieved from WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/baby/features/pregnancy-skin-changes#1

Herbert, C. (n.d.). When does morning sickness start? Retrieved from Baby Centre: https://www.babycentre.co.uk/x25006037/when-does-morning-sickness-start

Nastri, S. (2017, November 3). 7 Factors That Determine When You’ll Start Showing in Your Pregnancy. Retrieved from Momtricks: https://www.momtricks.com/pregnancy/when-do-you-start-showing-in-pregnancy/